Literature is dead; never mind that I write it. I'm not worried about it, you understand; it will go on. But it is dead. (Undead.)
It's dead because [most of] the official gatekeepers--the conference-givers, the college teachers, the commercial publishers--don't understand what it is anymore.
A simple sign of this is that Faulkner could never get published today. Well, Faulkner could barely get published then. But you know what he did? He sold out. He wrote a potboiler. I've read it. It would never get published today. Faulkner's capitulation, his prostitution of his talents to the market, is too damn literary.
(Actually I completely disagree with Faulkner's obscurity, his not-saying-of-things, which has often been confused with his greatness. I think he was great in spite of that, not because of it. But he was great.)
Anyhow: writing teachers no longer understand what Faulkner is after, or more precisely, why he has to get it the way that he does. By which I do NOT mean the obscurity. Um, let me pick a different example. Victor Hugo. All that obsessive scene-setting, those digressions into the tiniest minutiae of the life story of someone who turns out to just say "My God, man!" to the main character and then disappear, and now we've got to read hundreds of pages of minutiae about the main character.
Today's writing teachers, commercial publishers, you name it, no longer understand that. They no longer grasp what Victor Hugo is trying to do, or, more precisely, why he's trying to get there the way that he is.
Here's the problem. Art lies in the margins. It's in the corners of moments. But when your medium is words, that margin has to become your center, because whatever you want, you have to describe it or it isn't there. So you have to shift your focus. Why? Because writers--this sounds so stupid, but it has to be said--writers can only describe one thing at a time. Yes, we can create multiple layers of simultaneous meaning--but we can only DO one thing at a time.
Unlike a movie or TV show, which can do, if I've counted right, SIX things at a time.
For those keeping score at home, that would be: Change the light, surge the music, run the dialogue over physical action, and move the camera in and around the space, i.e. the setting, which, of course, is a story of its own. So yes, the humble movie/TV setup stacks SIX LEVELS DEEP. Seven, if you count costumes separately from background. But I don't, so: It can do six things at once, hit us with six levels of information and six levels of meaning at one time.
Literature has got: one.
What does this mean?
This means that, if I want to show you a motherless girl dressed in motley at one of those godforsaken bus stations eating a Mars bar while a tiny secret dances on her mysterious lips, you are going to have to wait considerably longer for the stranger over there (the one whose shabby coat doesn't at all match his expensive eyes) to start walking towards her saying "You stole that yellow bag, I know you did" than you would if this was a TV show. If I'm doing my job, I can make you not care that you have to wait longer...but you do have to wait longer. And we haven't even gotten STARTED on the emotional cuing (the 'music' and 'light,' whether the 'camera' is jittery or calm). The sense of why we're taking this trip. Our tiny secret, our fortuitously-shared ineffability.
If ineffability is what an author is after, therefore, it can make a book seem odd: What was the point of that scene where the maid walks in and announces that tea is served while the dust troubles the sunbeams?
So prose writers are being told to adopt a screenwriting model, where the maid walks in and says "Rodrigo is here, but there's a problem; he's got Arthur with him," and Jennifer's happy smile freezes on her face and she clutches her stomach. "Oh no!" she cries. "But that means...that means they KNOW! How will I get to the train station now?" "Well maybe it's time you faced that YOU ARE JUST GOING TO FAIL, LIKE I FAILED TO SAVE MY BOBBY, THAT'S RIGHT, I FAILED, I FAILED, I FAILED," yells the maid. Jennifer collapses in tears on the divan as the maid's furious exit whips the dust into bullets through the sun.
More is happening in that scene--conflict, a raising of stakes, forward motion in the protagonist's emotional state (she starts happy and changes to devastated), and a cataclysmic revolution in the subplot (in which the maid finally admits to herself that her Bobby is really dead despite all that praying).
But the problem is...less is also happening in it too. There's less room for...well, don't let me tell you. Let me show you.
Let's look at this scene from the magnificent New Series Doctor Who episode "The Sound of Drums." On the surface, it just advances the plot: "The Master," a rogue Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey, receives a visit in his study here on earth by one of his evil friends. He chats a bit to the evil friend, but the evil friend is impatient. She demands to know when "the rift" (iirc) will open so she can come through and escape "the terrible dark, and cold." Annoyed at her pushiness, the Master snaps "Tomorrow, eight o'clock."
So what is this scene doing? Well, it's following Da Roolz. It's upping the stakes. We already know that the Master has taken over Great Britain under false pretenses and is not planning to do it any favors. Now, we know that things are even worse than we believed. Something truly scary and terrible will happen soon; the stakes have been properly upped and a deadline established to boot. Over and out.
But look what's happening in the margins.
When the evil friend arrives, she finds the Master sitting at his computer and drinking.
He is watching "Teletubbies."
Not as a joke, either, but with intense concentration. He's fascinated by it, maybe even delighted.
Tinky Winky is wearing his tutu and twirling around. Then the pinwheel turns and the Tubbies assemble on the hill, giggling, to receive their daily transmission.
The Master is riveted. "Look at that," he says. "They've got televisions in their stomachs. Now that is evolution."
(That quote is approximate. I'm going on memory here.)
Let's unpack the levels here.
First, we've got the setting; the pleasant yet anonymous power chamber. Then we've got the light, golden but also somewhat harsh, partially obscuring our view of the show by throwing the Master's face onto the screen in reflection. The music is the tinny, cheery sounds of the show itself. Action: we do note that the Master is drinking, an interesting thing for a total control freak like himself to be doing. (No surprise that he does it alone.) Dialogue: against the complete indifference of the Evil Thing, the Master insists on analyzing the Teletubbies. It shows his power--he makes the thing listen to him, ignoring her concerns for as long as possible. It gives us political commentary--of course a dictatorial megalomaniac would key in on the stomach-TVs; he'd see himself broadcasting into them. Then, whoops, I guess this would be Level 7 after all, there's the way the dialogue is delivered, which can support or undercut or complicate its meaning. Actor John Simm sounds slightly bemused, not at all mocking or cynical. He's sincere, which opens all kinds of doorways into imagining that maybe there's something else beneath his appreciation of the propaganda potential of the embedded televisions. Maybe he...you know, maybe he's taking some kind of comfort from watching the Tubbies, not that he'd ever admit it. But he is drinking (alone) and...he did just have that unsettling conversation with the Doctor, which obviously affected him emotionally in some mysterious way even beyond finding out that his home planet was destroyed...and...
And here comes the result of it all, the unspoken poetry: the sight, the sight of this lonely alien watching a children's show.
This is wholly mysterious and ineffable. It's sad. It's wonderful. It's art. And because of the nature of the medium, that art, that moment, is able to rise up and swallow the flimsy exposition going on in front of it. It becomes a perpetually unfolding flower, petal after petal after petal, expanding so far beyond its borders that its borders fold back on themselves and disappear.
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Without costing you any time.
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That's the miracle. The flower unfolds and unfolds and unfolds in a perpetuity that only lasts two minutes. A two-minute perpetuity. Movies and TV shows are a series of two-minute perpetuities.
Technically, the borders, the structure, the exposition, all the things beneath the perpetually-unfolding flower, are still holding. Why? Because the scene only takes as long as the expository dialogue needs. Technically, therefore, all that exists in that scene is its structure. You're getting extra meaning for nothing. No extra investment on your part. No extra time.
THAT is what prose cannot do. It cannot tell you all that stuff about the drinking and the reflection on the screen and the echoes in the room and the odd sincerity in his voice and everything I just told you...it cannot tell you all that in just the time it takes to say "oh look televisions in their stomachs" "yes but when can we come through" "tomorrow" "but we need to come through" "TOMORROW" done.
But visual storytelling can.
So the Doctor Who people didn't have to choose. In about a minute and a half, they were able to leverage the six (seven) levels of visual media to give us Faulkner under cover of Buck Rogers.
Without sacrificing either.
And that's why literature is dead.
Because these days, it's being told to be something it's not. It's being told to pretend to be a screenplay.
But a screenplay is only one level of a seven-level beast. A screenplay is just a piece of a larger whole. We're mistaking it for that whole. It's not. The other parts will be added later.
Well, THERE IS NO LATER for prose. There is no later for literature. It is the whole.
Literature is ancient and hard like the rock that lurks beneath the velvety earth. Literature doesn't give you any outs. You can't collapse Buck and Faulk together in that way. You can get a scene with all the elements I just described, including the upping of the stakes and the establishing of a deadline...but you are going to have to get it word by word, which means you will know that you are getting it. In that Doctor Who scene, you don't have to notice the art happening. It can stay within the structure--which in this case is a four-dimensional structure that includes time.
Yep. That scene, like the TARDIS on the show itself, is "bigger on the inside." And that's where the art goes.
Right now, word-art cannot hide like that. It has to build machines of its own.
When you impose a screenwriting model on it, you wreck those machines.
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Something else is coming. Something which will split the word-atom and enable the fusion of speed and depth, the fusion of one kind of focus with the other, the concealment of art within structure alone so that (like on television) only the structure is really there. It will be beautiful. I love it already. It will do many things. Things we've never dreamed of.
But it will never do what happens on page five hundred and sixty two of any random Dickens novel...you know, that secret, that tiny secret on my mysterious lips. That bullet in the sun.